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Again, "says (u) Rabban Gamaliel, , "take heed of the power" (i.e. And it is observable, that the apostle speaks of powers, and not persons, at least, not of persons, but under the name of powers, to show that he means not this, or the other particular prince or magistrate, but the thing itself, the office and dignity of magistracy itself; for there may be some persons, who may of themselves usurp this office, or exercise it in a very illegal way, who are not of God, nor to be subject to by men. Romans 13New International Version (NIV) Submission to Governing Authorities 13 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities,for there is no authority except that which God has established. 3. 2:13), yet originally an ordinance of God.—Ordained of God—tetagmenai; a military word, signifying not only the ordination of magistrates, but the subordination of inferior magistrates to the supreme, as in an army; for among magistrates there is a diversity of gifts, and trusts, and services. Let us do it in truth and sincerity. (1-7) Subject unto the higher powers.—Looking impartially at the passage which follows, it would seem at first sight—and perhaps not only at first sight—that the Apostle distinctly preaches two doctrines, both of which are now discredited, the doctrines of divine right and of passive obedience. Put on the spirit and grace of Christ for sanctification; put on the new man (Eph. A lesson of sobriety and godliness in ourselves (v. 11 to the end). "Put him on as Lord to rule you, as Jesus to save you, and in both as Christ, anointed and appointed by the Father to this ruling saving work.". Let every soul; i.e. Protection draws allegiance. Εξουσιαις υπερεχουσαις, υπο θεου τεταγμεναι εισιν, αι εξουσιαι υπερεχουσαι. he who resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God. Romans 1:13 And I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you (and was hindered hitherto), that I might have some fruit in you also, even as in the rest of the Gentiles. "They are higher powers; be content they should be so, and submit to them accordingly." By baptism we have in profession put on Christ, Gal. Be not careful about the body." Here the individual conscience must assume the responsibility of deciding which to obey. View Bible Text In the first part of Romans 13, Paul addresses what those in the Christian community owe the civil authorities. Know the time to be a busy time; we have a great deal of work to do, and our Master is calling us to it again and again. God is love (1 Jn. Or if he was not wrong—and the verdict of mankind has generally justified his act—what are we to think of the language that is here used by St. Paul? Commentary on Romans 7:7-13 (Read Romans 7:7-13) There is no way of coming to that knowledge of sin, which is necessary to repentance, and therefore to peace and pardon, but by trying our hearts and lives by the law. Where there is not this respect in the heart to our superiors, no other duty will be paid aright. magistracy and authority: and he says, it is of God; he instituted the office, and he appointeth or permitteth the person that executes it. This subjection is likewise consented to by the tribute we pay (v. 6): "For this cause pay you tribute, as a testimony of your submission, and an acknowledgment that in conscience you think it to be due. The powers that be are ordained of God: this passage is an exemplification of the former. he is the minister of God, v. 4, 6. Most of the countries where the gospel was first preached were subject at this time to the Roman yoke, and were made provinces of the empire. 5:16. II. Mark Dunagan Commentary on the Bible. 2 Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. And he who would assert the existence of such an exception must count the cost well beforehand. And, lastly, He finally submitted to the civil power, as the instrument divinely employed to inflict upon Him those sufferings which were to be the cause of our redemption. 15:4), yet the just power which they have must be submitted to and obeyed. 1. Magistrates are here again and again called God’s ministers. Others think, that the apostle having spoken in several places concerning Christians’ liberty, lest what he had said should be misconstrued, as if he meant that Christians were freed from subjection to the powers that were over them, he seasonably insists upon the doctrine and duty of obedience to authority; which point is more fully handled in this context than in any other place besides. Biblical Commentary (Bible study) Romans 13:8-14 EXEGESIS: ROMANS 12-15. Such is the power of sin and corruption that many will not be restrained from the greatest enormities, and such as are most pernicious to human society, by any regard to the law of God and nature or the wrath to come; but only by the fear of temporal punishments, which the wilfulness and perverseness of degenerate mankind have made necessary. In the administration of public justice, the determining of quarrels, the protecting of the innocent, the righting of the wronged, the punishing of offenders, and the preserving of national peace and order, that every man may not do what is right in his own eyes-in these things it is that magistrates act as God’s ministers. We must be subject, not only for wrath, but for conscience’ sake; not so much formidine poenae—from the fear of punishment, as virtutis amore—from the love of virtue. (a) Indeed, though an apostle, though an evangelist, though a prophet; Chrysostom. 1:9) must be constituted in Christian nations, and are agreeable with, and not contradictory to, the gospel. 4:24); get the habit of grace confirmed, the acts of it quickened." The projecting of evil is in effect the performing of it. But the question of political obedience cannot be rightly considered without taking into account the relation of Christianity to political life generally, neither can this isolated passage in an Epistle of St. Paul’s be considered apart from other teaching upon the same subjects in the rest of the New Testament. Nay, it is intended for a kindness to those that are punished, that by the destruction of the flesh the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. Why must we be subject? 1 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The eternal happiness we chose for our portion is now nearer to us than it was when we became Christians. (4) nor was the case much different with the "Gentile" converts. By tribute he means the tribute that must be paid by those who are members of a subject nation. 7:15, 18), does really hate them, just as the devil does, who wars against the soul. (6) in the "changes" which were to occur in human governments, it would be an inquiry of deep interest, what part Christians should take, and what submission they should yield to the various laws which might spring up among the nations. A lesson of subjection to lawful authority (v. 1-6). If the Christian is not to seek personal vengeance, it does not take away the government’s authority to punish wrongdoers. Allen, contains what are perhaps the most important words ever written for the history of political thought." So far as His practice was concerned, our Lord pursued a course of simple obedience; into the theory of political or civil obligation He absolutely refused to enter. In this section of Christian teaching there was something that was temporary and local, and that had reference to conditions that have now passed away. From the institution of magistracy: There is no power but of God. I. Romans 13:1. We are here taught a lesson of justice and charity. They should praise God. The general principle will be seen to be, that we are to obey in all things which are not contrary to the Law of God. Where there are riot and drunkenness, there usually are chambering and wantonness, and strife and envy. And those who spurn at their power reflect upon God himself. In this sense, not only is the human system of society a part of the divinely-appointed order of things, but it partakes more especially in the divine attributes, inasmuch as its object is to reward virtue and to punish vice. But it intimates that our subjection must be free and voluntary, sincere and hearty. be subject unto the higher powers—or, "submit himself to the authorities that are above him.". Our Lord was born when his mother went to be taxed; and he enjoined the payment of tribute to Caesar. He speaks of powers, in the plural number, because there are divers sorts and kinds thereof, as monarchy, aristocracy, democracy: under which soever of these we live, we must be subject thereunto. Our conversation must be as becomes the gospel. Those that keep in the way of their duty shall have the commendation and protection of the civil powers, to their credit and comfort. 3:9) as a man is found in his clothes; put on the priestly garments of the elder brother, that in them you may obtain the blessing. It worketh no ill; that is, it prohibits the working of any ill: more is implied than is expressed; it not only worketh no ill, but it worketh all the good that may be, deviseth liberal things. Indulging ourselves in an irregular desire. (2.) Observe. It is high time to awake; for others are awake and up about us. First, As a holy God, that hates sin, against which, as it appears and puts up its head, a public testimony is thus borne. 2:17) and outward reverence and respect, both in speaking to them and in speaking of them-obedience to their commands in things lawful and honest, and in other things a patient subjection to the penalty without resistance-a conformity in every thing to the place and duty of subjects, bringing our minds to the relation and condition, and the inferiority and subordination of it. The doctrine in these verses Romans 13:11-14, therefore, is, "that a deep conviction of the nearness of eternity will prompt to an upright life in the contact of man with man. They carried into the former sphere the fanaticism natural to the latter. He specifies, 1. of magistrates), for they do not suffer a man to come near them, but in necessity, and then they appear as friends for their own advantage, but will not stand by a man in the time of distress.''. Yet it contemplated the rearing of a kingdom amid other kingdoms, an empire amid other empires. 2. This does not mean that he "originates" or causes the evil dispositions of rulers, but that he "directs" and "controls" their appointment. Some distinguish between tribute and custom, understanding by the former constant standing taxes, and by the latter those which were occasionally required, both which are to be faithfully and conscientiously paid as they become legally due. Without Christ, we are naked, deformed; all other things are filthy rages, fig-leaves, a sorry shelter. The duty enjoined: Let every soul be subject. “It is necessary to the very being of society that vices destructive of it should be punished as being so—the vices of falsehood, injustice, cruelty—which punishment, therefore, is as natural as society; and so is an instance of a kind of moral government, naturally established, and actually taking place. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for rulers do … 4:1, Walk honestly as in the day. Because eternity is just at the door, let us take heed lest we be found doing that which will then make against us," 2 Pt. I. (1.) Commentary on Romans 15:8-13 (Read Romans 15:8-13) Christ fulfilled the prophecies and promises relating to the Jews, and the Gentile converts could have no excuse for despising them. IV. Romans 13:7. proceeding of all magistracy whatever from God, still more precisely defined, in respect of those magistracies which exist in concreto, detailed and emphatic inculcation of obedience towards the magistracy, ἀνδρὸς ἐν ὑπεροχῇ κειμένοÏ, οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐξουσία εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ θεοῦ, ἔσται γὰρ ὑμῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐπάγοντος μνεία, ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις. Magistracy was designed to be. It is an expression of this deliberate policy (if by that name it may be called) which we find in these first seven verses of Romans 13. 4:3), high time indeed, for behold the bridegroom cometh." On another occasion, when a question was asked as to the legitimacy of the Roman tribute, He replied in words already quoted, “Render to Cæsar the things which are Cæsar’s, and to God the things which are God’s.” And, lastly, when appeal was made to Him to settle a disputed inheritance, He refused, saying to His petitioner, “Man, who made Me a judge or a divider over you?” Here we have really the key to the whole question. Hence it appears that laws with penalties for the lawless and disobedient (1 Tim. Secondly, As King of nations, and the God of peace and order, which are hereby preserved. Clearer discoveries will be quickly made of gospel grace than have been yet made, as light gets ground. The answer, “Render to Cæsar,” &c., left matters precisely as they stood, for the real question was, “What was Cæsar’s, and what was not?” The ambiguity of the reply was intended. One thing to say that a conflict of duties may arise, and this politics. 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